Calculating-machine.



W444 J y :0. E. BELT. CALCULATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 4,1910.

P tented. June 20, 1 -911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

, 'D. E, FELT.

' CALCULATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED mu. 4, 1910.

Patented June20, 1911.

4 SHEBT8-SHEBT 2.

wiliwaaea:

CALCULATING MACHINE.

AIPLIOATION'IILED MR. 4, 1910.

Patented June 20, 1911.

4 sums-81mm a.

mama; I 9

- Donn n. FELT, or'cHIcAqo,-1Lmm.1s.

CALCULATING-MACHINE,

- To all whom itmay concern:

Be it kI lOWI1 that I, Donn E. FELT, a citizen of the United States, residing in Chi-' cago, in the county of Cook and. State of" Il1inois,-have invented a new and useful Improvement in Calculating-Machines,of which the following is a specification; My 'nvention relates to a multiple-order key-driven calculating machine, and more especially to a machine of the general type of the well known duplex com tometer inwhose manufacture and marketing I have been extensively engaged for some years and whose eneral character is set forth in several Uilited States ,patents issued tome, Nos. 762,520 and'762,52 1, of June-29, 1904, and 7 67,107 of Augus't 9, 1904, and in my copending application Serial No. 453,271, filed September 16, 1908.

My invention has foran object the still further reduction. of resistances and lighten ing of the key-touch in such key-driven machines, as a result of increasing the efiiciency -of and reducing the resistances in the automatic carrying-motors that transmit carry- I dug impulses from one 'to.anothe'r of the series of key-driven accumulator mechanisms. And the invention has for further objects the effecting of all other improvements in construction or function that may be found toobtain in the mechanism hereinafter described or claimed.

The key-touch in my above mentioned duplex comptometers has heretofore been exceedingly light, and greatly lighter than in. the non-duplex comptometers manufactured in accordance with my earlier patents such as Nos. 366,945, 371,496, 396,034 and others; but it is always of high importance to lighten the ky-touchto the utmost in such machines, because in such, key-driven machines the entire power for both the prime aetuations and the carryingimpulses of the accumulator mechanisms is derived from the mere finger touches of the operator upon the indexed keys of the keyboard,- and furthermore, in the duplexing operation of t such machines, the operator may and constantly does depress a large plurality of the key-driven column-actuators simultaneously, transmittin both prime. aetuations and carrying-impu ses to a considerable plurality or even to all of the accumulator mechanisms simultaneously. ,This condit-ion has developed a necessit for extremely high precision construe-twain the. manufacture of I Specification of Letters Patent. Application filedlarch 4, 19 10, Serial No. 547,224.

key driven"'calculating machines as compared with the relatively coarse adjustments of, for instance, a lever-driven printing adding-machine in which ahand-lever or power-motor drives the accumulator mechanism instead. of mere light. finger-touches upon the finger keys. And one of the chief sources of resistance to the movement of the key-driven column-actuators in these machines is ,the automatic carrying-motors whose stored power, for the carrying-impulses they automatically transmit, must be entirely derived from said key-driven col- .umn-actuators.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which like reference ,numerals indicate like parts in all of the figures, Figure 1 is a longitudinally vertical section through the machine,

Fig. 2 is a section through the accumulator the entirely automatic mechanism of such Patented June 20, 1911.

mechanisms, at the line 2'2 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 3 is a section through the accumulator mechanisms, at the line 3--3 of Fig. 5; Fig: 4 is a section through the accumulator mechanisms at the line 44 of Fig. 5, viewed from the left-hand side instead of from the right as'in Figs. 2 and 3; Fig. 5 is a front view of the accumulator mechanisms in. the three right-hand orders and the extreme left-hand order of the machine, the intermediate orders being broken away, and those members being removed that would conceal the carrying-motor springs. and cams; F 1g. 6 1s a view of the new carryingcam escapement-member of each of the carrying-motors except that of the highest order',--viewed from the right as positioned in the machine, with the dolly-roll of the carrying-lever indicated in dotted lines in its normal resting position at the rear end of one of the recesses between the two opposed carrying-cams constituting the carry ing-cam member; Fig. 7 is a similar view of the prior type of carrying-cam cscapement-' member, with the dolly-roll similarly indicated, in the carryiug-motorof highcst'order, at the left of the machine; Fig.8 is afurther detail view of the same member shown in Fig. 6; Fig. 9 is adetail view of the carrying-lever locking-pawl that coacts with the carrying cam member shown in Fig. 8, in the highest order; Fig. 10 is a detail of one of the carrying-lever loeking-pawls in the other orders, mountedon the front-intersection-plate that hears it.

lever-to efiect such part of a rotation of the corresponding accumulator mechanism as will advance the reading of the numeral wheel an amount equal to the index of the key depressed. During such depression of the. column-actuator segment-gear 24, the pinion 25, meshing with said segment-gear and secured to the right-hand face of the,

internal pinion-ratchet 26 is rotated backward sufliciently to engage the proper internal tooth of said ratchet with the spring pawl mounted on the right-hand face of the accumulator lantern-ratchet 27, so that upon the upstroke of the column-actuator the said pinion 25 and internal ratchet 26, so.

engaging lantern-ratchet 27, will rot-ate said lantern-ratchet, and the accumulator-gear 28 secured thereto, suliiciently to add the desired amount to the reading of the numeral wheel 29 whose gear 30 meshes with the intermediate gear 31 that meshes with said accumulator gear 28. The column-actuator is so thrown upward, upon the releasing of the key from the vfinger of the operator, by

the column-actuator springs 32. The rotation of the accumulator gear 28 will to like extent rotate the carrying-pinion 33 that is fast on the same hub with said gear 28; and such rotation of the carrying' pinion will rotate to a proportionate, though lesser angular extent the large carrying-motor windingrgear 34 to whose stud 35 is secured the right-hand end of the carrying-motor spring 36. The other end of this motor spring is secured to and constantly tends to rotate forward the carrying-escapen'ient member 37 whose long arm 38, projecting to the right is adapted to engage the rear edge of the flat end of the stud on said winding gear 34, .such engagement limiting the extreme extent to which said escapement-member may be rotated. forward in angular relation to said gear. This long arm 38 of the escapement member is also adapted to he engagedby first one and then the other of the pair of releasing-dctents 39, 40, so that when released by, one of said detents, such escapement member can make only one-half of a full rotationbefore being engaged and:-

checked by the other of'said detents; and

each such half-rotation of theescapement member gives a cor-res p onding. half-rotation of the carrying-cam member that is secured upon the left-handend of the escapement member and that consists in the pair of opposedcamarms over which the dolly-roll 41 of the bell crank carrying-leper 42 rides during the carrying throws imparted to cumulator one numer'al space, thereby ef- I fecting a carrying transfer from the accumulator meehanism of the lower order to such accumulator of the hlgher order. The

. said release of the escapement member from first one and then the other of its releasing detents 39, 40 is effected through the'lifting of such detents by the dolly-roll 44 that is mounted on the aforesaid carrying-motor winding-gear 34 and adapted to ride under the cam-faced ear 45, projecting laterally from each detent, when the winding-gear rotates into proper angular relation with the detent to be released. 1 In this manner it is provided that while the winding-gear 34 may, by a full rotation, wind into the car-' rying-motor spring 36 suflicientpower to effect two carrying-throws of the carryingcam member, the alternate engaging and releasing of the escapement member by first one and then the other of the pair of opposed releasing-detents 39, 40, whose connecting spring 46 constantly tends to draw one or theother ofthem into the path of the long arm of the escapement-member, will restrict each throw of saidescapementmember-to a half-rotation and so release only one carrying-impulse at a time. And to prevent 'either carrying-cam, of any carrying-cam member, from efi'ecting a carrying-throw of the coacting carrying-lever at a time when the accumulator of the higher order, impelled by said carrying-lever, is already in motion or about to be moved by the column-actuator that has been or is being depressed by one of the keys in that higher order, there is provided the detaining latch 47 that is normally held lifted by the stud 48, on such column-actuator of the higher order, but that, upon the depression of such column-actuator, and stud, drops into the position where hook-point 49, of said latch 47, is in the path of and inter: cepts one or the other of the short arms 50, 50 of the escapement-member, so that such escapement-member, and its carryingcam, if then released from either of .thereleasing detents,.is prevented from making a carrying-throw, and lifting the carrying-lever, until such detaining latch 47 is again lifted by the return to normal ofthe said columnactuator of thehigher order, the order that is to receive the released carrying-throw. In this manner it is provided that keys may be depressed simultaneously, and columnactuato'rimpulses delivered, in two or'more adjacent orders, and yet any carrying-impulses released from a lower one of said ortransfers from being lost, as they would be" ders will not be actually delivered to the next higher of said orders untilthe columnactuator movementof such higher order 18 completed. This I possibility of etlecting simultaneouslykey driven 'actuations. of a plurality of co'luinn actuators in adjacent orders, is the action that has been he're1nbefore referred to as duplexing"". The automatic carrying-motor capable of storing the power for: a plurality of carryingimpulses, and the mechanism for successively releasing such impulses and forde- Ltaining them until after the 'therewith'interfering columnhctuator movements are completed, prevent any of the carrymgif the carrying-lever impelling any accumulator were permitted to make a carrying throw while such accumulator was already moving in. response to its own key-driven column-actuator;

A u3-armed locking-pawl normally locks each icarrying-leverfrom displacement, the

forwardly" extendin arm 5ljof such paw l being positioned to mterce'pt any downward movement of the forwardly extended arm 52 of the coacting carrying-lever; but just before the carryingdever is to makea carrying-throw, this pawl is thrown out of such intercepting position by reason of the a V lift-ingot "a rearwardly extended arm, of

such 3- armed pawl, by, that cam-arm of the carrying-cam member'over which the dollyroll ofthe, carrying-lever is about to ride.

Such is, in brief out-line, the manner in which prime-actuations and carry1ng-1m pulses are imparted' to the accumulator mechanisms, themselves requiring to a be variously moved into and out of their several stop-positions, impose additional resistance to the movements of the carrymgdevices and to the plume actuations of the accumulatorsand so themselves absorb a cer' tain proportion of the power imparted to thekeys by the finger-touches of the operator.

As has been stated. the actuation of the ,accumulators, involving winding of the carrying-motors, is effected by the upstrokes oi the column-actuators that have been depressed by their respective keys, such upstrokes being accomplished by the retraction of the column-actuator springsSQ that arestretched when thecorresponding columnactuators are depressed by the depression of their keys. These column-actuator springs It will also be undermustt-herefore be' of such strengththattheir retract-ion will impart to the corresponding keys that depress the column-actuators, so

that a substantial lessening of the work imposed upon the columnactuators will substantially lighten the key-touch by permitting the employment of substantially lighter column-actuator springs. And the present invention permits such employment of substantially lighter column-actuator springs,

by substantially reducing the work imposed columnactuat-ors all of the power required uponthe column-actuators, such reduction 0 work being effected in the automatic carrying-motors whosewinding'absorbs a great proportion of the power transmitted from the column-actuators. This reduction of the'power required to wind the carryingmotors is directly efl'ected by the use of very much lighter carrying-springs 36 than have been employed in my earlier duplexcomptometers; and the employment of such substantially lighter carrying-springs is made possible by a new organization of the carrying-cam members and the carryinglever locking-pawls in all of the carrying mechanisms below the one at the extreme left of the niachine-the earlier form of com and of pawl being employed'at said extreme left-hand position because it is desirableto there impose some increased resistance to compensate for the fact that no carrying-motor is wound by the accumulator impelled by the carrying-cam of highest order and the resistances to the movement of such cam need-to be equalized with those of the lower orders so as to equalize the adjustments across the entire series of carrying-mechanisms. This prior form of cam member and of locking-pawl, retained at the highest order of the machine, are illustrated in respectively Figs. 7 and 9,- thus affording a direct comparison with the form and operation of the new carrying-cam member and carrying-lever locking-pawl employed in the other carrying-mechanisms of the machine. 1 The new carrying-cams 53 are the a result of long'and tedious experimentation,

and the efiiciency attained by them will be better understood after their construction and contour has been specifically described.

The cam-face of the prior type of cam 54 was produced by a single circular curve '55, continuous from the low point to the high point of the cam and struck from a single center, and lifted the dolly-roll ll, of the carrying-lever, at a'substantially uniform rate throughout the angular throw of the lifting pressure against the dolly-roll at the cam, the cam exerting'substantially the same of such throw; and the rearwardly extending arm 56, of-the prior form of S-armcd locking-pawl for the carrying-lever, rode over such-cam-face just ahead'of the dollyroll 41, thereby causing the said pawl to be 57, 58, struck from two difierently distant.

centers, the curve 57, of the-lesser radius, extending upward from the low point 59, of the cam, and become confluent, at about the point 6O, with the curve 58, of greater radius, that extends on to the high point, 61, of the cam, so thatthe dolly-M1141 is lifted suddenly and with maximum rapidity during its traverse of curve 57, at the initial part of cams angular-throw, when the full tension of the impelling-motor isexerted, and'then is further lifted but very gradually during the traverse of the further curve 58, Whenthe tension of the impelling motor'is partlyspent;,and to permit the abrupt initial gradient and yet renderthe final gradient as gradual as possible, the low point,

59, of the cam is displaced a considerable angular distance, relative tothe cams axial radii, rearward of the angular position of the low point 62 of the prior type of cam, 54, and the high point 61 is extended a considerable angular distance forward, relativelyto the position of the high point 63 of said' prior type of cam, thereby greatly restricting the width of the recesses 64 into which dolly-roll 41 drops when it rides off thehigh point 61; and such restrictingof 'cesses in the prior type of cam-member,'

vsaid recessesfl l, as compared with the regreatly reduces the length of the idle movement of dolly-roll ll along the bottom of such recess at the beginning of the cammembers carrying-throw and before the dolly-roll mounts the low point 59 of the opposed cam. 53, and this reduced idle movement both'necessitates and makes possible the tripping of the new off-set arm 66 of the 3-armed lockingpawl by av mere instantaneous touch of the new trip-stud 67 laterall v fixed in the right-hand side ofeach new cam 53, it being necessary thatv said tripping occur during but not beforesaid idle movement of dolly-roll ll, in order that-the lockingpawl may free the carrying-lever before dolly-roll 41' lifts saidlever but may hold said lever locked during the normal resting position of dolly-roll llat the rear end of the bottom of one or the other oft-he two diametrically opposed recesses in the carrying-cam member; and such instan taneous trip-stud tripping of the lockingpawl relieves the new cam 53 of the frictional resistance imposed upon the prior cam form 9f pawl, upon the cam-face ofsaid cam 54, such riding of the arm upon the cam face, being an action that would also be too slow to'be accommodated by the reduced idle 54: by the riding of the arm 56, ofthe prior movement of dolly-roll 41 in the restricted recess 64:. To so displace toward the right the rearwardly extending arm of the 3- armed pawl that it may be engaged and tripped by the lateral trip-stud of the cam instead of riding over the face of the cam,

pecially designed to permit. its substantially frictionless and instantaneous tripping engagement by the trip-stud on the cam. The

great difficulty of developing such cam-e0 tion as that here considered is evident not only from the complexity of functions of the e 68, of the front-intersection clear the path of the cam-face of the cam. This trip-arm of thepawl has also been 'esautomatic. mechanism but also'from the' further facts that, in actual practice, the entire lift of dolly-roll 41 by the cams of each cam-member is only about eleven-sixtyfourths of an inch and occupies so'slighta fraction of a second, even in the case of my prior duplex comptometers, that'the eye is unable to detect the cams movement except as an almost imperceptible flash of light,

and in order to withstand the service these cam-members are made of hardened steel of the highest grade, although their greatest dimension, from high point to high point of the two opposed cams of the Ycam-member, is only nineesixteenths of an inch, the straight distance from high point to low point of each cam 53 being only about three-eighths ofa'n inch. The highest known methods of precision workmanship have been required to produce aaworking sample of these members, even after their invention and designing, and to develop the special tools necessary to the manufacture of such members in the interchangeable uniformity required to insure proper functioning and save all ad justing and fitting of parts. I

The special action of the new bers,-e'xerting their maximum lifting prescam mem- Y sure at the initial part of their throw when the full tension of the im elling-motor is exerted, and then further lifting-the carrying-lever at a greatly reduced and diminishing rate during latter part of the throw,

when the tension (at the impelling-motor-is partly spent,V-is-especially efficient in com junction with the particular form f carrying-motor spring 36 that has been used in my more recent duplex comptometers but differs from the triple-concentric-coil carrying-motor spring shown in the drawings of my before mentioned Patents Nos. 7 62,520 and 7 62,521. The said triple-concentric-coil motor-spring :was exceedingly efficient, as particularly explained in my said Patent 762,521, but the, later form adopted for this motor-spring, and shown in the drawingsaccompany ngthe present specification, the spring 36, 1S not-only a simpler form but isalso still more efiicient; for while both forms of spring effectively store and discharge the power for a plurality-of carryings, as required by the action of duplexing automatic carrying-mechanism, the triple-concentric-coil spring exerted a substantially uniform tension throughout each throw of a carrying-cam, while the later form of spring, the simple conically helical spring 36, exerts much its greatest tension at the initial partof each carrying-throw, just when such greatest tension is needed to start the moving parts from rest. The new type of cam is therefore not only adapted to give high efficiency-to either form of spring but isalso peculiarly adapted to utilize the special efficiency of the conically, helical spring 36, a spring having the special action just above stated. t'Although springs of this latter form were used in my duplexcomptometers prior to the introduction into them of the new cams and pawls, and are illustrated in the drawings of my copendingapplication hereinabove mentioned, the said springs so used and illustrated have been greatly heavier than the springs 36, the

substantial lightening of these springs, for the purpose hereinabove set forth, being Ymade possible by the new cams and 'pawls,

as has been explained.

The substantial lightening of the carrying-motor springs has also made-possible a lightening of the spring 46 that joins and draws toward each other the twocarryingmotor releasing-detents 39, 40, and the lightening of this spring 46 reduces the pressure of the ears of these detents upon the dolly-roll 44, of the winding gear 34,

that lifts t em, thereby still further reducing the resistances to the movement oflsuch winding-gear and so still further contributing to the lightening of the key-touch. Furthermore, the substantial lighteningpf the carrying-motor springs lessens, and 1n fact almost eliminates, the possibility of jamming or looking a carrying-mechanism by the accumulated tension put upon a car rying-motor whirling-gear by such accidentally or intentionally improper manipulation as holding a key depressed and-making many useless repeated strokes with a key or keys of lower order. Such accumulated cation. I

tension upon a carrying-gear causes the stud 35, which normally limits the forward r0- vtation of said gear, to impinge and press unduly against the rear edge of the long arm of the escapement-memberthat is engaged by the undercut hook of the carrying-motor detaining-latch, so. that said latch will be firmly held in depressed position, and itself mally lifts it, thereby jamming or looking the mechanism until said latch is freed by some sudden shock or movement of coacting parts. But the lightening of the carryingsprings through which such accumulated tension would be transmitted to the winding gear of the thus locked carrying-mechanism, minimizes the possibility of so .ac- I cumulating suflicient tension to press the escapement-member into a locking grip upon the under-cut hook ofthe detaining latch.

, hold depressed thecolumn-actuator that nor-' This locking action, and means for releasing it whenever it does occur, are discussed in my before mentioned copending appli- It will be understood that the lightening of each carrying-motor spring not onlyrelieves the burden upon the column-actuator that directly rotates the accumulator meshing with the winding gear of the lightened spring, but also lessens theb-urden upon the carrying-spring of next lower order, because the carrying-lever impelled by the carryingmotor of such next lower order is itself 'compelled, when making the carrying-throw of the'higher accumulator, to partly wind the carrying-spring of higher order, since every movement of the said higher accumulator proportionately rotates the winding gear of said carrying spring in that higherorder. The importance of this result is especially apparent when the carrying-throw is'flashed across a consecutive series of orders in the machinepas, for instance, when a row of 9s stands upon the register and somedevices.

I claim:-

1. In a calculating machine, in combination a series of column-actuators; and multiple-order accumulator mechanism including automatic carrying-mechanisms that are adapted to permit actuation of a plurality of the column-actuators simultaneously,' said carrying-mechanisms having carrying-levers, automatically controlled motor-devices and, actuated thereby, means adapted to impel the carrying-levers abruptly in the initial partof the carryingthrow, while the motor power is at its higher tension, and at a reducedand diminishing pressure during the latter part of the carrying-throw, when the motor power is partly spent substantially as specified.

2. In a calculating machine, in combination: a series of column-actuators; and mulrying-levers abruptly in the initial part of the carrying-throw, while the motor power is at its higher tension, and at a reduced and diminishing pressure during the latter part of the carrying-throw, when the motor power is partly spent; substantially as specified. 3. In a calculating machine, in combination: a series of column-actuators; and multiple-order accumulator mechanism including automatic carrying mechanisms that are adapted to permit actuation of a plurality of the column-actuators simultaneously, said carrying-mechanisms having carrying-levers, automatically controlled motor-devices and, actuated thereby, carryingcams 53 of a contour adapted to impel the carrying-levers abruptly in the initial part of the carrying-throw, while the motor power is at its higher tension, and at a reduced and diminishing pressure during the latter part of the carrying-throw, when the motor power is partly spent; substantially as specified.

4:. In a calculating machine, in combination: a series of column-actuators; and multiple-order accumulator mechanism including automatic carrying-mechanisms that are adapted to permit actuation of a plurality of the column-actuators simultaneously, said carrying-mechanisms having carlying-levers, automatically controlled motordevices and, actuated. thereby, carrying-cams whose cam face contour is developed of two confluent arcs of which the one of lesser radius rises from the low point of the cam to the one of greater radius which extends up to the high point of the cam, to impel the carrying-levers abruptly in the initial part of the carrying-throw, while the motor power is at its higher tension, and at a reduced and dlmiuishmg pressure durlng the latter part-of the carrying-throw, when the motor power is specified. A

5 Ina calculating machine, in combination: a series of column-actuators; and multiple-order accumulator mechanism including automatic carrying-mechanisms that are adapted to permit actuation of partly spent; substantially as rality of the column-actuators simultanea plumass ously, said carrying-mechanisms having carrying-levers, automatically controlled carrying-motor springs and, actuated thereby, means adapted to impel the carrying- ,levers abruptly in the initial part of the carrying-throw, while the motor power is at its higher tension, and at a reduced and diminishing pressure during the latter part of the carrying-throw, when the motor power is partly spent; substantially as specified.

6. In a calculating machine, in combination a series of column-actuators,and-mnltiple-order accumulator mechanism including automatic carrying-mechanisms that are adapted to permit actuation of a plurality of the coluninactuators simultaneously, said carrying-mechanisms having carryinglevers, automatically controlled carryingmotor springs of conically helical form and, actuated thereby, means adapted to impel the carrying-levers abruptly in the initial part of the carrying-throw, while the motor power is at its higher tension, and at a reduced and diminishing pressure during the latter. part of the carrying-throw, when the motor power is partly spent; substantially as specified.

7. In a calculating machine, in combination: a series of column-actuators; and multiple-order accumulator mechanism including automatic carrying mechanisms that are adapted to permit actuation of a plurality of the column-actuators simultaneously, said carrying-mechanisms having carrying- .levers automatically controlled carrying-motorsprings 36 of a conically helical: form and, actuated thereby, means adapted to impel the carrying-levers abruptly in the initial part of the carrying-throw, while the motor power is at its higher tension, and at areduced and diminishing pressure during the latter-part of the carrying-throw, when the motor power is partly spent;substantially as specified.

8. In a calculating machine, in combination: a series of column-actuators;'and mul-.

pinging touch the aforesaid coacting locking-pawls, substantially as specified.

9. In a calculating machine, in combination: a series of column-actuators and multiple-order accumulator mechanism includadapted to permit actuation of a plurality of the column-actuators said carrymg mechamsms having carry1nglevers, .locking-pawls for said levers, autos simultaneously,

\ ing automatic carrying-mechanisms that are matically controlled motcf-devices and,sac

tuated thereby, means adapted to impel the carrying-levers and provided with tripstuds adapted to trip by an impinging touch the aforesaid coacting lccking-pawls, substantially as specified;

10. Inacalculating machine, in combinasaid carrying-mechanisms having carryinglevers, locking-pawls for said levers, autcmatically controlled motor-devices and, ac-

iuayeq thereby, carrying-cams adapted to impel the carrying-levers and bearing lateral trip-studs to trip by an impinging touch the aforesaid coacting locking-pawls, sub

Q I I220 stantially as specified.

Iri witness whereof, I hereunto set my hand, in the presence of t-wo subscribing witnesses. a

DORR E. FELT.

\Vitnesses HENRY LOVE CLARKE, GEORGE S. BOLLENSEN.

flopiea of this patent ma? be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Gommissioner of Patents.

' Washington, D. C. s 

